aliasghar aghabeigi; Mohammad Ali Gholami Sefidkouhi; mahmoud raeini; Mohammadreza Yazdani
Abstract
Management of soil and water resources and sustainable development of agriculture by increasing rice yield and water productivity has high importance. Consolidation of paddy fields is one of the solutions for this purpose. In this regard, this research aimed to investigate role of consolidation projects ...
Read More
Management of soil and water resources and sustainable development of agriculture by increasing rice yield and water productivity has high importance. Consolidation of paddy fields is one of the solutions for this purpose. In this regard, this research aimed to investigate role of consolidation projects in paddy fields on water productivity. The research was done in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh, in Guilan Province, on paddy fields in 3 situations (upland, middle land, and lowland) and 2 farm types (traditional and consolidated), with 5 replications, during 2015 and 2016 . The data on rice yield and different water productivities were analyzed based on double split plot with Tuckey mean analysis method. The results showed that average yield of traditional and consolidated fields were 3958 and 3901 kg ha-1, respectively, without any significant difference. In traditional fields, the gross productivity based on evapotranspiration alone and evapotranspiration plus percolation was, respectively, 3% and 3 % more than those in the consolidated fields. However, net productivity based on evapotranspiration alone, evapotranspiration plus percolation, and water use in consolidated fields was, respectively, 50%, 51%, and 54% more than in traditional fields. Therefore, planning and implementing consolidation projects on paddy fields can increase water productivity.
mostafa yosefian; Ali Shahnazari; mirkhalegh ziyatabar ahmadi; mahmoud raeini; Behroz arabzadeh
Abstract
Due to drought crisis in recent years, the use of alternative cropping methods that save water without any decrease in yield is increasing. Therefore, in order to evaluate the yield, yield components, and water use of rice under different non-submerged water levels and comparing it with permanently submerged ...
Read More
Due to drought crisis in recent years, the use of alternative cropping methods that save water without any decrease in yield is increasing. Therefore, in order to evaluate the yield, yield components, and water use of rice under different non-submerged water levels and comparing it with permanently submerged condition, an experiment was conducted at fields of Rice Research Institute of Mazandaran during 2015 and 2016, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of two methods, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) by irrigating all furrows and partial root drying (PRD) by irrigating alternate furrows, with three levels of drought stress: 10, 30, and 60 KPa (RDI10, PRD10, RDI30, PRD30, RDI60, PRD60) and a control treatment with permanently submerged basin irrigation in puddled soil (traditional method). Rice yield, yield components, and water consumption were measured in each treatment. The results showed that yield, plant height, panicle length, number of grains, 1000-grain weight, and water productivity (kg/m3) and water consumption at different levels of irrigation had a statistically significant difference in different treatments. Although the highest yield of rice was obtained in continuous submergence, yield reduction in alternate furrow irrigation treatments with minor stress (RDI10 and PRD10) was negligible and they were in the same statistical group in the two years of study. Also, partial root drying, significantly reduced water consumption, such that PRD10 treatment resulted in 32% reduction in water consumption compared to the control treatment, and deficit irrigation, especially partial root drying, increased water productivity. The highest water productivity (kg/m3) was calculated in PRD30 treatment at 0.724 kg per cubic meter of water. Based on the results, water consumption in the partial root drying was less than regulated deficit irrigation with the same tension, such that water consumption in PRD10 decreased by 15% compared to RDI10. However, average yield of PRD10v in both years was 1.1% higher. The results related to the yield components were also proportional to yield and partial root drying method compared to regulated deficit irrigation was better.
aliasghar aghabeigi; Mohammad Ali Gholami Sefidkouhi; mahmoud raeini; mohammadreza yazdani
Abstract
Rice is the second most important staple food after wheat in the world, and Iran has an annual production of 2 M tons. Due to water scarcity problems and high water consumption in paddy fields and the need to increase irrigation water productivity, a lot of paddy fields are consolidated in the Northern ...
Read More
Rice is the second most important staple food after wheat in the world, and Iran has an annual production of 2 M tons. Due to water scarcity problems and high water consumption in paddy fields and the need to increase irrigation water productivity, a lot of paddy fields are consolidated in the Northern provinces of Iran every year. In consolidation projects, soil is displaced by leveling practice, and then the content of soil chemical elements will be changed. This study was aimed to investigate the role of consolidation projects in paddy fields on soil and drainage water quality. The research was conducted in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh in Guilan Province on traditional and consolidated paddy fields in 3 situations (upland, middle land, and lowland) with 5 replication, in 2016. The soil and outlet/drainage water chemical properties were analyzed based on split plot design with Tucke’s mean analysis method. The soil physical and chemical characteristics results showed that the amount of SAR, Cl, NO 3 and SO 4 in consolidated fields were significantly different than that in traditional fields. The amount of SP and OC of soil in consolidated fields were, respectively, 22% and 11%, more than that in traditional fields, and available potassium was 2% less than traditional farms. Also, the amount of SAR and Cl and NO 3 of outlet water in consolidated fields were, respectively, 14%, 23%, and 49%, more than that in traditional fields. All soil mineral components, other than clay, land had less uniformity in levelled lands than traditional lands. Uniform distribution of mineral components in levelled lands can be effective in improving irrigation and nutrition management of plants. In addition to infrastructural changes, the leveling of rice paddies also causes changes in physical and chemical conditions of the soil, as well as changes in the quality of drainage water, which should be considered in agricultural management and reuse of outlet drainage water in downstream farms.